Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Hierarchical diffusion in language refers to the process where language features spread from influential figures, such as leaders or elites, down to the general population. In this context, the correct answer highlights how language is often adopted by the populace based on the prestige and authority of those using it, particularly in hierarchical societies. This can be seen in scenarios where a dialect, accent, or terminology used by the elite becomes more popular among lower socioeconomic classes, often as a way to gain status or acceptance within social structures.

While other options address different aspects of language diffusion, they do not accurately describe hierarchical diffusion. The first option focuses on the idea of language spreading in the opposite direction, which is not typically how hierarchical diffusion operates. The third option discusses migration, which relates more to relocation diffusion rather than the influences of social hierarchy. The fourth option mentions natural evolution, which addresses how language changes over time without the direct influence of authority figures or social stratification. Together, these distinctions help clarify the unique characteristics of hierarchical diffusion in language.