Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

According to the world-systems theory, what aspect do developing countries primarily compete for?

1. Technological advancements

2. Global financial markets

3. Labor and capital

4. Sustainable practices

The correct answer is: Labor and capital

In the context of world-systems theory, developing countries primarily compete for labor and capital to strengthen their economic positions within the global system. This theory, developed by Immanuel Wallerstein, suggests that the world is divided into a core, semi-periphery, and periphery based on their levels of development and integration into the global economy. Developing countries often have abundant labor resources but seek to attract investment capital from wealthier nations to develop their economies. By competing for both labor and capital, these countries aim to enhance their production capabilities, attract foreign investment, and access markets that can lead to improvements in their economic status. In contrast, while technological advancements and sustainable practices are important, they are typically considered as outcomes of improved capital and labor competition rather than direct aspects that developing countries primarily compete for. Additionally, competition in global financial markets is more relevant to developed nations that have already established robust financial systems, making it less of a primary focus for developing countries.