Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

How far does an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) extend from a country's coast?

1. Up to 50 nautical miles

2. Up to 100 nautical miles

3. Up to 200 nautical miles

4. Up to 300 nautical miles

The correct answer is: Up to 200 nautical miles

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) extends up to 200 nautical miles from a country's coast. This zone grants the coastal state special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including fishing, renewable energy production, and mineral extraction. Within this area, the coastal nation has exclusive rights to manage and conserve the natural resources, while other countries are allowed to navigate and overfly the waters, as well as lay submarine cables and pipelines, albeit with certain restrictions. The definition and extent of an EEZ are established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which provides the legal framework for ocean and maritime activities. This delineation helps to balance the interests of coastal nations with those of the international community in the vast ocean spaces. The other options do not accurately reflect the legal definition of an EEZ. An EEZ must extend to a minimum of 200 nautical miles to align with international maritime law.