Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

How is race defined in a sociological context?

1. A group sharing a common cultural background

2. A group of people with a common biological ancestor

3. A socio-political classification of individuals

4. A term denoting geographic origin

The correct answer is: A group of people with a common biological ancestor

In a sociological context, race is defined primarily as a socio-political classification of individuals. This understanding emphasizes race as a social construct rather than a purely biological or genetic concept. From this perspective, race is shaped by historical, social, and political factors and often reflects the power dynamics and inequalities within societies. The idea that race is a socio-political classification allows for the recognition of how societal perceptions and categorizations of different groups contribute to the experiences and identities of individuals within those groups. It acknowledges that these classifications can have real-world implications, affecting everything from social interactions to institutional policies and practices. While some may argue that race has biological components, in sociology, the focus is on the social implications of racial categories. This understanding contrasts with the notion of a group with a common biological ancestor, which can lead to misconceptions about the significance of race as being rooted solely in genetics. Similarly, cultural background and geographic origin do contribute to identity but do not encompass the broader socio-political dimensions that shape the understanding of race in sociology.