Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

In the context of population studies, what does the term "population pyramid" represent?

1. A graphical representation of population age structure

2. A model explaining economic growth

3. A diagram of urban development

4. A chart of cultural diffusion

The correct answer is: A graphical representation of population age structure

The term "population pyramid" refers to a graphical representation of a population's age structure, illustrating the distribution of various age groups in a population. This type of diagram typically displays age cohorts on the vertical axis and the population size on the horizontal axis, allowing for a clear visual comparison between different age groups and between males and females. Population pyramids are essential tools for demographers and policymakers as they provide insights into the population's fertility rates, mortality rates, and potential future trends, such as aging populations or youth bulges. Through analyzing the shape and structure of the pyramid, one can discern socioeconomic characteristics of a region, helping guide resource allocation, planning for healthcare, and educational services. Understanding population pyramids helps in identifying the demographic challenges a country might face, such as overpopulation or an aging population, which are critical for effective planning and policy-making.