Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Rural-to-urban migration is primarily driven by which of the following?

1. Environmental factors

2. Social connections

3. Search for economic opportunities

4. Political instability

The correct answer is: Search for economic opportunities

Rural-to-urban migration is primarily driven by the search for economic opportunities. This trend reflects the desire of individuals and families to improve their livelihoods and access better job prospects, which are typically more available in urban areas compared to rural settings. Cities often provide diverse employment options, higher wages, and a range of services that attract migrants. Additionally, urban centers are usually hubs of industry, commerce, and technology, further amplifying the economic incentives for those seeking to enhance their quality of life. While environmental factors, social connections, and political instability can influence migration patterns, they do not serve as the primary motivators for many individuals moving from rural areas to cities. Environmental changes might prompt some to relocate, but economic opportunities remain the foremost reason for such migrations. Similarly, while social networks may play a role in facilitating movement to urban spaces, the driving force is often linked to the potential for economic improvement. Political instability can lead to displacement, but it is not a typical cause for rural-to-urban migration, which primarily focuses on economic factors.