Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What belief is associated with animism?

1. The exclusive worship of one deity

2. The character of spirits in nature and objects

3. A rejection of spiritual beliefs in modern societies

4. The belief in technological superiority over nature

The correct answer is: The character of spirits in nature and objects

The belief associated with animism centers on the idea that spiritual essence or life exists within all elements of the natural world. This means that not only humans but also animals, plants, rocks, rivers, and other natural objects are believed to possess spirits or a spiritual essence. Animism sees the environment as alive and imbued with consciousness, promoting a profound respect for nature and a deep connection between humans and their surroundings. This view contrasts with monotheistic beliefs which focus solely on one deity, which is not representative of animism. There is also a distinct difference between animism and the rejection of spiritual beliefs; animism, in fact, embraces spirituality, rather than dismissing it. Furthermore, the idea of technological superiority over nature presents a more modern, industrial perspective that does not align with animist traditions, which usually emphasize harmony with nature rather than dominion over it. Therefore, the principle encapsulated in the belief of spirits within nature and objects is fundamental to understanding animism.