What characterizes a nation-state?

A nation-state is characterized by the alignment of a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the presence of a specific cultural identity that unites the people within that territory. In option B, the idea of over 90 percent of the population belonging to a specific culture highlights this alignment between culture and state. This cultural homogeneity often results in a strong national identity among the citizens, fostering unity and a sense of belonging that defines a nation-state.

In contrast, option A presents a state with no single dominant culture, which does not fit the concept of a nation-state where cultural cohesion is often a significant aspect. Option C, referring to a region with multiple languages spoken, suggests a multicultural environment that might describe a multinational state rather than a nation-state, where cultural uniformity is a crucial characteristic. Lastly, option D describes a territory lacking formal governance, which does not meet the criteria of a nation-state, as effective governance is fundamental in defining a state's functionality and sovereignty.