Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What does colonialism primarily involve?

1. A mutual agreement between countries to share territories

2. Declaring control over foreign territories for economic benefit

3. A focus on self-governance for indigenous peoples

4. Relocations of people groups to integrate with local populations

The correct answer is: Declaring control over foreign territories for economic benefit

Colonialism primarily involves the declaration of control over foreign territories for economic benefit. This process typically includes the establishment of political and economic dominance over the colonized area by a foreign power. The primary goal of colonialism has historically been to exploit the natural resources, labor, and markets of the conquered territories to enhance the wealth and power of the colonizers. This often results in the extraction of resources and the establishment of new economic systems that prioritize the needs and profits of the colonizing nation over those of indigenous populations. The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of colonialism. Mutual agreements to share territories tend to reflect partnerships rather than domination. A focus on self-governance for indigenous peoples would be more reflective of decolonization rather than colonial practices. Finally, while relocations of people groups may occur as a result of colonialism, the core aspect of it revolves around the economic control and exploitation of foreign lands rather than an integration policy.