Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

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What does deindustrialization refer to?

An increase in industrial activity
A reduction in industrial activity
The establishment of new industries
The growth of sustainable markets

The correct answer is: A reduction in industrial activity

Deindustrialization refers to a process where there is a significant decline in the industrial sector of an economy. This typically involves a reduction in manufacturing jobs and production, often accompanied by a shift towards a more service-oriented economy. Factors contributing to deindustrialization can include globalization, technological advances, and changes in consumer preferences, which may lead to industries moving to regions with cheaper labor or varying operational costs. This understanding contrasts sharply with the other options. An increase in industrial activity would denote growth and expansion in that sector, while the establishment of new industries suggests a rising industrial base. The growth of sustainable markets typically refers to a focus on environmentally friendly practices rather than a reduction in industrial activities. Thus, recognizing deindustrialization specifically as a decline in industrial activity aligns with economic trends observed in many developed nations.