Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What does ghettoization refer to?

1. The promotion of inclusive housing

2. The concentration of a certain group of residents in a specific area against their will

3. The voluntary movement of residents to better areas

4. The integration of neighborhoods

The correct answer is: The concentration of a certain group of residents in a specific area against their will

Ghettoization refers to the concentration of a certain group of residents in a specific area against their will, often as a result of economic forces, social pressures, and discriminatory practices. This phenomenon typically involves marginalized communities being confined to certain neighborhoods, sometimes characterized by poverty, inadequate housing, and limited access to resources, such as quality education and employment opportunities. This process reflects broader issues of systemic inequality and segregation, where certain populations—such as racial or ethnic minorities—are compelled to live in specific areas due to factors like redlining, discriminatory lending practices, and socio-economic status. This involuntary segregation not only shapes their living environments but also affects their social mobility and overall quality of life, reinforcing cycles of disadvantage. The other options do not accurately capture the essence of ghettoization; for instance, promoting inclusive housing and integrating neighborhoods focus on breaking down barriers and fostering diversity, rather than reinforcing separation. Voluntary movement to better areas suggests choice and agency, which contradicts the involuntary nature of ghettoization.