Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What does the principle of distance decay refer to in migration patterns?

1. Longer distances lead to a higher likelihood of migration

2. Migrants prefer locations farther away

3. Migrants aim to minimize the friction of distance

4. Distance has no effect on migration decisions

The correct answer is: Migrants aim to minimize the friction of distance

The principle of distance decay in migration patterns suggests that as the distance between two places increases, the likelihood of migration between those areas decreases. This principle reflects the idea that migrants aim to minimize what is known as the "friction of distance," which includes factors such as the costs, efforts, and time associated with traveling to a new location. When considering distance decay, individuals or groups tend to migrate to places that are closer due to familiarity, lower transportation costs, and easier communication. Thus, while potential migrants may consider more distant locations, the practical challenges and barriers increase with distance, influencing their decision to settle in nearer places. This concept is crucial for understanding migration behavior, as it helps to explain why certain areas experience higher levels of immigration than others, often correlating with proximity to existing communities or resources.