Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What does the term cultural landscape refer to?

1. The physical geography of an area

2. The unique landscape made up of both material and nonmaterial culture

3. Land that has been set aside for cultural festivals

4. A region defined by its natural features alone

The correct answer is: The unique landscape made up of both material and nonmaterial culture

The term cultural landscape refers specifically to the unique landscape that arises from the interaction of both material and nonmaterial culture in a given area. This concept emphasizes how human activity and cultural practices shape and modify the environment, blending physical characteristics with cultural significance. For example, a cultural landscape can include urban settings characterized by architectural styles, parks, agricultural fields that reflect farming traditions, or areas dedicated to particular cultural practices. Material culture encompasses physical items such as buildings, monuments, and artifacts that humans create, while nonmaterial culture includes ideas, values, traditions, and beliefs. The interplay between these elements creates a distinct identity for a place and illustrates how culture influences spatial organization and human behavior within that landscape. The other options do not capture the full essence of the cultural landscape. The physical geography of an area does not consider cultural influences, while land set aside for cultural festivals is too specific and limited in scope. Defining a region solely by its natural features ignores the significant role that human culture plays in shaping landscapes.