Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What is a defining feature of monotheistic religions compared to polytheistic ones?

1. Belief in many deities

2. Worship of a single deity

3. Focus on nature and ancient spirits

4. A reverence for sacred texts

The correct answer is: Worship of a single deity

A defining feature of monotheistic religions is the worship of a single deity. This belief centers around the idea that there is one supreme being or god who is the source of all creation, moral authority, and governance of the universe. In contrast to polytheistic religions, which recognize multiple gods, monotheistic faiths advocate for devotion and allegiance to just one divine figure. This singular focus often shapes the ethical frameworks, rituals, and community practices in monotheistic traditions, encouraging adherents to cultivate a personal relationship with their deity. Additionally, this exclusivity can influence social and political structures, leading to distinctive cultural practices that differentiate them from polytheistic religions, which might incorporate a variety of gods representing different aspects of life and nature. The other options do not accurately capture the essence of monotheism. For instance, the belief in many deities directly defines polytheism. Focusing on nature and ancient spirits is more characteristic of animistic or polytheistic beliefs. While reverence for sacred texts is common in many religions, it is not exclusive to monotheistic ones, as polytheistic religions often have their own important texts as well.