Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What is meant by irredentism in geopolitics?

1. The desire of an ethnic group to unite with a population in another nation

2. The establishment of new boundaries based on cultural lines

3. The promotion of ethnic diversity within a nation-state

4. The conflict caused by language differences

The correct answer is: The desire of an ethnic group to unite with a population in another nation

Irredentism in geopolitics refers to the desire of an ethnic group to unite with a population in another nation, often due to shared cultural, historical, or linguistic ties. This concept typically arises when a particular ethnic group feels that a portion of its population resides in a neighboring country and wishes to reclaim or reunite with that territory. This phenomenon can be seen in various historical contexts where national boundaries do not align with the distribution of ethnic groups. Irredentism can lead to tensions, as the group may advocate for political or territorial claims that threaten the sovereignty of the neighboring nation. Historical examples include the desires of certain groups in regions like the Balkans or areas in Central Europe, where irredentist sentiments have sparked conflicts. The other options, while related to issues of ethnicity and geopolitics, do not capture the specific essence of irredentism. The establishment of new boundaries based on cultural lines focuses more on border creation rather than uniting populations. The promotion of ethnic diversity addresses multiculturalism and inclusion rather than the unification of a specific ethnic group. Lastly, conflicts caused by language differences pertain to communication issues and may intersect with ethnic identity but do not encompass the reclamation aspect central to irredentism