Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What is secularism associated with in modern society?

1. The promotion of religious practices in governance

2. The rejection of religious beliefs and practices

3. The increase in religious institutions' influence

4. The rise of spirituality over organized religion

The correct answer is: The rejection of religious beliefs and practices

Secularism in modern society is primarily associated with the rejection of religious beliefs and practices, particularly in the context of public life and governance. This concept emphasizes the separation of religion from political, civil, and educational institutions, advocating for a societal framework where religion does not dictate laws or societal norms. In secular societies, individuals are encouraged to make decisions based on reason and empirical evidence rather than religious doctrine. This reflects a broader trend where public policy is shaped by secular frameworks that prioritize inclusivity and neutrality towards various religious beliefs, ensuring that governance remains unbiased and focused on common civic values rather than specific religious ideologies. In contrast, the other options highlight concepts that run counter to the general principles of secularism. For instance, promoting religious practices in governance directly opposes the idea of secularism, which seeks to limit religious influence in public affairs. Similarly, an increase in religious institutions' influence and the rise of spirituality over organized religion do not align with the fundamental tenets of secularism, which advocates for a more secular approach to governance and social structures.