Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What is the definition of confederation in a geographical context?

1. A strong centralized government with absolute power over its states

2. An alliance of states organized for mutual retention of cohesion

3. A type of government where land is owned by the public

4. A situation where all states act independently of one another

The correct answer is: An alliance of states organized for mutual retention of cohesion

In a geographical context, confederation refers to an alliance of states that come together for specific purposes, often centered around mutual interests such as defense, trade, or political coordination while retaining significant autonomy. This arrangement allows member states to maintain their independence but agree to collaborate for the mutual benefit of all parties involved. Confederations are typically characterized by a weaker central authority that cannot compel states to act against their will, reflecting a decentralized approach to governance. The correct understanding of confederation emphasizes cooperation among states that choose to work together while still preserving their sovereignty. This is distinct from a strong centralized government, which exhibits absolute power over its constituent states. Additionally, while land ownership may be public in certain governance structures, it does not specifically define a confederation. Lastly, a scenario where states act entirely independently lacks the cooperative essence that is fundamental to the concept of a confederation.