Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

What is the primary characteristic of shifting agriculture?

1. Growing crops in one field continuously

2. Rotating crops among different fields regularly

3. Using advanced irrigation techniques

4. Focusing on animal husbandry instead of farming

The correct answer is: Rotating crops among different fields regularly

Shifting agriculture, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture or swidden agriculture, is primarily characterized by the practice of rotating the areas in which crops are cultivated. This method involves clearing a section of forest or land, planting crops in that cleared area for a few seasons, and then moving to a new plot to allow the previous area to regenerate. This rotation helps maintain soil fertility, as the land is allowed to recover and restore its nutrients during the fallow period. The act of regularly changing fields prevents soil depletion and enhances biodiversity, as various crops can be cultivated in different seasons across different plots. This approach is especially common in tropical regions, where nutrient-rich soils can be exhausted quickly due to continuous farming. By practicing shifting agriculture, farmers can sustainably manage their land over time, aligning their agricultural practices with the natural regeneration cycles of their environments.