Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

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What significant advancement characterized the Second Agricultural Revolution?

  1. The development of organic farming practices

  2. The reduction of labor in crop production

  3. The introduction of new machinery to increase efficiency

  4. The establishment of community-supported agriculture

The correct answer is: The introduction of new machinery to increase efficiency

The significant advancement that characterized the Second Agricultural Revolution was the introduction of new machinery to increase efficiency. This period, which began in the late 17th century and continued into the 19th century, was marked by major technological innovations in agriculture. These innovations included advancements such as the seed drill, mechanized threshers, and more efficient plowing techniques. The introduction of new machinery allowed for the faster and more effective cultivation and harvesting of crops, which significantly boosted agricultural productivity. As a result, fewer laborers were required to produce the same amount of food, supporting the growing populations in urban areas during the Industrial Revolution. These developments not only transformed farming practices but also contributed to a shift in societal structures, as increased food production laid the groundwork for urbanization and economic changes. In contrast, while organic farming practices, reduced labor, and community-supported agriculture have their significance in the context of agricultural practices, they do not specifically define the advancements of the Second Agricultural Revolution. The primary focus of this period was on mechanization and technological progress that fundamentally altered agricultural productivity and efficiency.