Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Which belief defines ethnocentrism?

1. The idea that all cultures are equal

2. The belief that one's own ethnic group is superior

3. The viewpoint that interethnic relations are essential

4. The perspective that culture shapes society

The correct answer is: The belief that one's own ethnic group is superior

Ethnocentrism is fundamentally characterized by the belief that one's own ethnic or cultural group is superior to others. This perspective often leads individuals to evaluate other cultures based on the standards and norms of their own, typically resulting in a devaluation or misunderstanding of different cultural practices. When people exhibit ethnocentric tendencies, they may apply their own cultural context to interpret the behaviors, values, and beliefs of other groups, leading to bias and potential conflict. This belief can manifest in various ways, from a simple preference for one's own culture to more extreme forms of nationalism or xenophobia, where foreign cultures are viewed with suspicion or disdain. Understanding ethnocentrism is crucial in the study of human geography, as it influences social interactions, cultural exchanges, and global relationships. By recognizing this concept, one can better appreciate the complexity of cultural diversity and the importance of cultural relativism, which opposes the idea that one's own culture is inherently superior.