Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Which factor is most likely to drive someone to migrate according to human capital theory?

1. Desire to return to their home country

2. Expectation of lower living costs

3. The search for better-paying job opportunities

4. Cultural connections to the new area

The correct answer is: The search for better-paying job opportunities

Human capital theory posits that individuals invest in their skills and education to enhance their employment potential and earnings. According to this theory, one of the primary motivations for migration is the search for better-paying job opportunities. Individuals may perceive that moving to a new area offers prospects for higher wages or a more favorable job market that aligns with their skills and qualifications. This migration can be seen as a rational decision, where individuals aim to maximize their human capital investment by seeking locations that provide greater financial rewards. In contrast, the other factors listed do not align as closely with the principles of human capital theory. The desire to return to one's home country reflects emotional or cultural ties rather than a calculated economic decision. Expectations of lower living costs could influence migration decisions, but they do not directly relate to enhancing one's earning potential. Lastly, cultural connections may improve quality of life but are not primarily focused on financial incentives, which is the core of human capital theory. Thus, the focus on the search for better-paying job opportunities is the most relevant factor driving migration from the perspective of human capital theory.