Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Which of the following describes the belief system of animism?

1. The belief in life after death only

2. Recognition of spiritual life within non-human entities

3. A system emphasizing moral law over spiritual beliefs

4. The worship of ancestors exclusively

The correct answer is: Recognition of spiritual life within non-human entities

The belief system of animism is accurately described by the recognition of spiritual life within non-human entities. Animism holds that various elements of the natural world, such as plants, animals, rocks, rivers, and even atmospheric phenomena, possess individual spirits or consciousness. This belief leads to a worldview in which humans are not separate from nature but are connected to and interact with the spiritual essence of all living and non-living things. This perspective fosters a sense of respect and reverence for nature, encouraging practices that honor and acknowledge the spirits residing within the environment. Understanding animism in this way highlights its integrative approach to spirituality, in which everything in the universe is interconnected through common spiritual essence. Other options do not accurately represent animism. For instance, the belief in life after death only is more characteristic of specific religious traditions rather than animism as a whole. A system emphasizing moral law over spiritual beliefs suggests a more structured ethical code rather than the fluid and spiritual focus of animism. Lastly, the worship of ancestors exclusively is a more specific practice that may exist within animistic traditions but does not capture the essence of animism itself, which encompasses a broader recognition of spirits in the natural world.