Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Which religion is an example of an ethnic religion?

1. Christianity

2. Islam

3. Judaism

4. Buddhism

The correct answer is: Judaism

Judaism is a prime example of an ethnic religion because it is closely tied to the cultural and historical identity of the Jewish people. Ethnic religions are generally associated with specific ethnic groups and are usually tied to particular geographical regions, traditions, and cultural practices. Unlike universalizing religions, which seek to appeal to a broad audience and spread widely, ethnic religions tend to remain localized, deeply rooted in the culture and community of their adherents. Judaism encompasses a rich set of laws, narratives, rituals, and customs that are integral to the Jewish ethnic identity. It is primarily practiced by the Jewish people, and its observances and beliefs are often linked to the historical experiences and heritage of that community. In contrast, universalizing religions such as Christianity and Islam actively seek to convert followers from different ethnic backgrounds and cultural contexts, which marks a significant distinction from the nature of ethnic religions. Buddhism, while sometimes practiced by distinct ethnic groups, is generally considered a universalizing religion due to its emphasis on accessibility and the potential for widespread conversion.