Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Which statement best defines the concentric zone model?

1. It describes urban areas as having a single central business district

2. It outlines urban land use as a series of concentric circles representing different zones

3. It predicts urban growth patterns based on transportation routes

4. It highlights the importance of bioregions in urban planning

The correct answer is: It outlines urban land use as a series of concentric circles representing different zones

The concentric zone model, developed by sociologist Ernest Burgess in the 1920s, outlines urban land use as a series of concentric circles that represent different zones radiating out from a central point. The model posits that cities grow outward from a central business district (CBD) and divides urban areas into distinct zones for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes. This structure emphasizes how social structures, economic activities, and demographic characteristics change as one moves away from the urban core. Each circle or zone represents a different type of land use, with the inner zones typically exhibiting higher density and lower-income housing, while outer zones may represent wealthier residential areas and more spacious environments. This model is central to urban sociology and geography, as it illustrates the socio-economic gradients prevalent in cities.