Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Which survey system is commonly used in North America to define land boundaries?

1. Metes-and-bounds system

2. Lot-and-block system

3. Rectangular survey system

4. Geographic Information System

The correct answer is: Metes-and-bounds system

The choice indicating the metes-and-bounds system is not the most accurate representation of the survey system commonly used to define land boundaries in North America. Instead, the rectangular survey system is the predominant method employed in the United States. The rectangular survey system, also known as the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), was established in the late 18th century to facilitate the sale and distribution of public lands. This system divides land into a grid, using a series of principal meridians and baselines. Each parcel is described using townships and ranges, making it systematic and uniform for identifying land boundaries across vast areas. In contrast, the metes-and-bounds system relies on natural landmarks and measurements to delineate property lines, making it less standardized and more location-specific, which can lead to complexities in areas with shifting geographical features. The lot-and-block system is used mainly for urban developments and subdivisions, while Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for mapping and analyzing spatial data rather than a survey system. Thus, the rectangular survey system is clearly the most appropriate answer when discussing the method commonly utilized for defining land boundaries in North America.