Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam

Which theory suggests that a nation’s ability to influence global politics is tied to its control of land?

1. The core-periphery model

2. Heartland-rimland theory

3. The world-systems theory

4. Environmental determinism

The correct answer is: Heartland-rimland theory

The Heartland-rimland theory is grounded in the idea that a nation's power and influence in global politics are closely linked to its geographical position, particularly in relation to land control. This theory, proposed by Halford Mackinder, posits that the "Heartland," which is the central area of Eurasia, is the strategic region that holds the key to global dominance. Countries that can dominate this central area have the ability to control the surrounding lands and, by extension, the world. The significance of land is paramount in this theory, as it emphasizes that geographical features and locations directly influence a nation's capacity to wield power. Control of land not only grants military and economic advantages but also positions a country to project influence over trade routes and neighboring regions. This creates a geopolitical landscape where land control translates into significant political and strategic power. Other theories, while they may discuss various dynamics of global politics and economies, do not specifically tie the influence of a nation as directly to land control in the same manner. For example, the core-periphery model outlines the relationship between developed and developing regions without a direct emphasis on land control's strategic importance. The world-systems theory focuses on economic relationships and global capitalism rather than geography. Environmental determinism suggests that the